*Riverside, California is among the 20 most populous MSAs, but did not submit COLI data.
Source: Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER), Cost of Living Index, 2022 Annual Average (Data based on a survey of 265 urban areas, published January 2023)

• Houston has the second lowest living costs among the most populous U.S. metro areas, according to the C2ER Cost of Living Index 2022 Annual Average. Houston’s living costs are 7.9 percent below the nationwide average and 34.1 percent below the average of the nation’s most populous metropolitan areas.